Super L-Carnitine is essential for fat burning.   I.B. Fritz and K.T.N. Yue, physiologists from the University of Michigan, discovered that Carnitine actually accelerates fat-burning ¹. Without it, fat is unable to penetrate the walls of the mitochondria of the muscle cells. Carnitine is the shuttle that carries fat into your body’s furnaces (muscles) to be burned for energy. Super L-Carnitine increases the rate of fat utilization for fuel.

    L-Carnitine is a vitamin-like nutrient related to the vitamin-B family. It is a physiological substance essential for energy production. This process takes place in the mitochondria inside the cell. L-Carnitine is actually responsible for the transportation of fatty acids into the cell.

   The primary function of Carnitine is to facilitate the transport of fatty acids from the cell’s cytoplasm across the mitochondria membrane to the interior of the mitochondria where oxidation occurs. (Fat-burning process.)

    Without carnitine as a carrier, the fatty acids are unable to penetrate the membrane of the mitochondria. This will result in a decreased rate of fat utilization and energy. L-Carnitine also helps to remove by-products of fatty acid metabolism and other toxic compounds from within the cells.

    Each tablespoon (15cc) of Super L-Carnitine Formula contains:

L-Carnitine	500 mg.
Pyridoxine HCI	5 MG.
Chromium Polynicotinate	50 mcg.

1.  Fritz, I.B., Yue, K.T.N. , "Long Chain Carnitine Acyl Transferase and the Role of Acylcarnitine Derivatives in the Catalytic Increase of Long Chain Fatty Acid Oxidation,"  Journal of Lipid Research 4 (1963): 279-288

 Suggested use: Take one (1) tablespoon for every 45 kg (100 lbs.) of body weight. Total dosage to be split before and after each exercise session. Use Super L- Carnitine in conjunction with Lipotropic Plus.

     Analogy:
     Imagine your blood stream is a river.  Your body-fat cells are little people in boats floating down the river to reach their final destination: The Muscle Hotel, (muscle tissue-where fat will be burned as fuel for energy).     
     But, when they arrive, they find the door too heavy to open. Super L-Carnitine is the doorman to the Muscle Hotel. It allows your body-fat to more easily enter (permeate) your muscle tissue to be burned as fuel energy.
 

More About Carnitine:

     Carnitine is a vitamin-like nutrient, which is similar to choline and a close cousin to the amino acids. However, unlike amino acids, L-carnitine is not used for protein synthesis. Carnitine was given "B vitamin" status because it has characteristics of the B-complex group (it contains nitrogen and is highly water-soluble). Additionally, carnitine is not a vitamin since it can be biosynthesized. {Note: A vitamin by definition is a substance, which is essential to the body but cannot be produced by the body and must therefore be obtained in the diet}.

       Carnitine, like many biological molecules, is available in two forms: L-carnitine and DL-carnitine. These two forms, or isomers, are mirror images of each other. However only the L-isomer is physiologically effective. DL-carnitine is a competitive inhibitor of L-carnitine in several metabolic processes. Only L-carnitine is found in natural foods (see "Dietary Sources of Carnitine").

Origin and Biosynthesis

    Carnitine was first isolated in 1905. Researchers, however, have just recently discovered L-carnitine's extensive metabolic attributes and its nutritional importance.

    L-carnitine is a nonessential nutrient, however it can only be manufactured in the presence of methionine, lysine, vitamin C, vitamin B6, niacin, and iron. The nutritional status of the individual, therefore, greatly influences the body's ability to manufacture carnitine.

    The primary function of carnitine is to facilitate the transport of fatty acids from the cell's cytoplasm across the mitochondrial membrane to the interior of the mitochondria where oxidation occurs.

    Without carnitine as a carrier, the fatty acids are unable to penetrate the membrane of the mitochondria which results in a decreased rate of fat utilization and energy. L-carnitine also helps to remove the by-products of fatty acid metabolism and other toxic compounds from within the cells.

    Exogenous carnitine can be obtained in one of two ways:

1. L-carnitine is normally obtained from dietary sources. Foods derived from animals are generally rich in L-carnitine, whereas plant foods and vegetables contain little or none. Meat is by far the richest source of L-Carnitine as is demonstrated on the following list:

   Total Content of L-Carnitine mg / 100 grams Raw Food

   Sheep	210.00
   Lamb	78.00
   Beef	64.00
   Pig	30.00
   Rabbit	21.00
   Chicken	7.50
   Cow’s Milk	2.00
   Eggs	0.80
   Peanuts	0.10

   *A vegetarian diet is typically low in L-carnitine and in the amino acids needed for its biosynthesis (L-lysine and L-methionine).

    

2. L-carnitine can also be obtained through dietary supplementation. Supplemental L-carnitine is usually available in a concentrated liquid form, or as part of a lipotropic complex (dosages may vary).

Supplemental L-Carnitine and Athletic Performance

   The results of recent research demonstrates the beneficial effects of supplemental L-carnitine when used prior to strenuous physical activity. In a pilot study involving college students, subjects receiving 300 mg doses of L-carnitine experienced dramatic increases in aerobic capacity as determined by the MaxVO2 (maximal volume of oxygen consumed).

    As previously mentioned, L-carnitine's primary role in the body is to transport fatty acids across the mitochondrial membrane for beta oxidation. The ability of L-carnitine to improve blood lipid profiles (LDL/HDL) is pronounced.

    For example: When given to subjects suffering from hyperlipidemia, 900 mg per day of supplemental L-carnitine reduced blood triglycerides from an initial value of 440 mg/dl to 186 mg/dl after eight weeks of treatment.

    Treating individuals with Type II and Type IV hyperlipoproteinemia with three grams of supplemental L-carnitine per day for 40 days resulted in substantial decreases in plasma triglycerides as well as a decrease in the ratio of total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol.

    L-Carnitine has also been shown to significantly lower triglycerides and raise HDL cholesterol in individuals receiving hemodialysis (the process of removing blood for purification before returning it to the body). Additionally, L-Carnitine has been shown to reduce free fatty acid levels in the arteries by two to three fold.

L-Carnitine Side Effects and Toxicity

    Carnitine is completely safe, with the possible exception of mild diarrhea at very high doses. The Life Sciences Research Office of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology (FASEB), under contract with the Bureau of Foods at the Food and Drug Administration, published a comprehensive review entitled "Health Effects of Dietary Carnitine" in 1983. They reported that in studies where 1 to 15 grams of L-carnitine were given as a normal supplement, the only side-effect was transient diarrhea. [NOTE: Large amounts of most substances will induce diarrhea due to an increase in osmotic pressure in the bowel].

     The lethal dosage of carnitine in mice has been determined to be 8.9 grams per kilogram body weight when given by subcutaneous injection (under the skin). For a 60 kilogram person, this would be equal to approximately 540 grams, or well over one pound! No oral lethal dosage has ever been reported. This may be contrasted to aspirin, whose oral lethal dosage in mice is 1.1 gram per kilogram body weight. In humans, the oral consumption of 20 grams of aspirin is potentially lethal. Carnitine, therefore, is not only safer than aspirin, it is in fact one of the least toxic substances on earth.